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0451
During the Fifth Session of the Council of Chalcedon, the final form of the Chalcedonian Creed was drafted, defining for the early church the person and work of Jesus Christ. The Council voted that Christ was simultaneously "truly man and truly God."
0741
Death of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) in at Quierzy (today the Aisne county in the Picardy region of France). As Mayor of the Palace of the kingdom of the Franks, Charles had led a force of Christians that turned back a Muslim raiding party near Poitiers (or Tours) which, according to many historians, effectively halted the advance of Islam against Christianity in the West. Although he maintained the fiction of Merovingian rule, he founded what would become the Carolingian dynasty.
1303
Benedict XI was elected pope.
1685
Louis XIV of France revoked the Edict of Nantes, removing the protection which the Huguenots had enjoyed.
1844
The "Great Disappointment" occurred when the return of Christ, predicted by William Miller, failed to happen once again. At least 100,000 disillusioned followers returned to their former churches or abandoned Christianity completely - but many went on establish what would become known as the Adventist Churches.
1952
The complete Jewish Torah was published in English for the first time.
1958
Hungary rejects requests to allow Cardinal Mindszenty, a refugee in the U.S. legation in Budapest, safe passage to Rome so that he could participate in the next papal election.
1965
Protestant theologian Paul Tillich in Chicago, Illinois.
1965
All charges against Madalyn Murray (later O'Hair) in connection with fleeing the Maryland police are dropped. Madalyn and her son had fled to Hawaii and then Mexico because William had been charged with having sex with an underage girl, even though he was married to her.
1996
In an address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Pope John Paul II declared that "the theory of evolution is more than a hypothesis."
2003
On the news program Crossfire, Jerry Falwell explained that God was responsible for the election and re-election of President Clinton. The reason: "I think that we needed Bill Clinton, because we turned our backs on the Lord and we needed a bad President to get our attention again. To pray for a good President. That's what I believe."
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