Atheism and Agnosticism
Learn more about atheism and agnosticism with resources covering the philosophies, skepticism, and critical thinking of the free-thinking community.
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![Illustrated depictions of a dinosaur fossil and books.](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/01YsY0EO25nIddzagY2pYzWU8MM=/650x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Atheism2x-7bbf8751367c41019d856658f306a479.png)
![mosaic of Greek god Bacchus](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/17XAa7YBeSV0tv5xUexc8Rd6fcw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-479633769-57bfa8443df78cc16e9abf0e.jpg)
Connecting Ancient Greek Mythology to Religion
![woman's hands in prayer](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/qR0Jkj57lGvJrCIMP625YSNnoIo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-88852649-57c35b2a5f9b5855e5ae2ad2.jpg)
History of American Religion:1600 to 2017
![astronomical clock and globe](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/6yZEFp155Pip-f779LdpjntC6C8=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-530041699-57c366b93df78cc16eb0454e.jpg)
Is Astrology a Pseudoscience?
![Skeletons Showing Evolution of Man](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/QvlDcGx137O_545j8DyT88ZD9jY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-2055256-57c36a2f5f9b5855e5c3f4bd.jpg)
Defining Analogous and Homologous Structures
![Three Generations Of Cloned Mice](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/eZFP_fsx6imK9sO1Xq-25KTC-G4=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/ThreeGenerationsOfClonedMice-a4aba83c8e1b4e2092232c10f6d86c3e.jpg)
Timeline of Cloning History
![A man standing while thinking of conserving earth from rubbish and littering act.](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/ZAiqpe0zrJRO-B7HQtzlQN7VjQI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-813441836-596bd1e53df78c57f4a9a1b6.jpg)
3 Types of Ethical Systems
![Peter the Hermit Preaching the First Crusade](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/byoT1wt-d6KzY9pM7rLbgSvaVLk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade-57be49ff5f9b5855e5c1291b.jpg)
A Timeline of the First Crusade, 1095 - 1100
![The Siege of Jerusalem, Crusades](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/7YqXBdtUd9-dwTeIJmYgBm1hyiI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-464430043-57a6711f5f9b58974a71ff09.jpg)
Before of the Crusades: 350 - 1095
![Hawaiian Tiki God](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/omOs5GaupcwLVfzq2pKrpizgSiU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/454081171-57ac9fff5f9b58974aeab55a.jpg)
What Is Religion?
![DNA Modification](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/B0b_JnKSV8jbxgLbSmPalo1okwA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/gene_helix-157719137-58a0bbac3df78c4758fadf02.jpg)
How Evolution Has Been Observed
![Saying a little prayer for finals week](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/jc8F_Afos74K4cusNdmrrvx2xNE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/saying-a-little-prayer-for-finals-week-882215446-5c8d1408c9e77c0001ff0aa0.jpg)
What Is Religious Humanism?
![karl marx statue](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/Jvl5VTP-kSHdye-HsA4gROPRpqA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-461447001-5672f95e3df78ccc15fcd399.jpg)
Religion as Opium of the People
![Teen Praying in Class](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/tNrqg30U1wqH1PPX-vxbYdPFIYU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/school_prayer-530633746-589e5ed25f9b58819c4326a2.jpg)
Did Madalyn Murray O'Hair Get Prayer Out of School?
![Euler diagram representing a definition of knowledge.](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/YvWRSlQ_h3RW3lSC7yd83kt_dFo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/1100px-Classical-Definition-of-Kno.svg-56a04bc13df78cafdaa0f2e8.jpg)
What Is Epistemology?
![Socrates statue reclining](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/BR6CXMMCWVSTW14ccBIOB8rNSuQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-183232310-589eaaad3df78c47588ff072.jpg)
History of Humanism With Ancient Greek Philosophers
![Aristotle Teaches Alexander The Great](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/tGpeWZCTqiReZ4aaTT2OucpQ61Q=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/146833406-56a04bc05f9b58eba4afccfe.jpg)
Virtue Ethics: Morality and Character
![Alphabet soup spelling why us](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/onhL7TQV25hjOjhLM5z2SMBIRbs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/why_us-78319372-58a0db453df78c4758047d30.jpg)
Existentialist Absurdity
![Ross Wilson's statue of C. S. Lewis in front of the wardrobe from his book The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in East Belfast.](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/DEJgkcpQhgrPlG43BkySzSgDexU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Statue_of_C.S._Lewis-_Belfast-57a9e1803df78cf45921bb90.jpg)
C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien Argued Over Christian Theology
![South Africa, Mpumalanga, Close-up of lion](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/abOGFMH09GhQZ8TorZVYl1ZRWe0=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/lion-482212595-589fc6455f9b58819cdc6202.jpg)
C.S. Lewis and Christian Apologetics
![Aachen Dom](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/QXT68-GgYQbIvfS-zuSnbep5w5o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/485994011-56a04c283df78cafdaa0f6cc.jpg)
How To Get Excommunicated From the Catholic Church
![Church in Brooklyn, stop sign and one way sign](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/HeNQmg4dykS2bNR73vwT3aMBGWs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/church_stop_sign-556052281-589fced53df78c4758e1aab8.jpg)
C.S. Lewis Vs. Atheism and Atheists
![Declaration of Independence](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/Rtym8E0RPagwQuczI4gJPaEm3aE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/declaration_of_independence-588936525-589e5a585f9b58819c41c433.jpg)
Declaration of Independence and the Christianity Myth
![Plato](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/gYAXWNFP01aCPsOqbdZat9bWrPI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/120090077-56a04c2a3df78cafdaa0f6d8.jpg)
The History of Idealism
![Vintage ad posters](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/MQLQ4abjbCxCopQs2NPTDOhFLaY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/propaganda-500964849-589f74a95f9b58819c6f033c.jpg)
The Difference Between Propaganda and Persuasion
![A diverse group of people praying](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/tPer8SfrWld_FPXyW-3bXHX_M58=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/dv1992014-56a04c325f9b58eba4afd11a.jpg)
Too Many Gods, Too Many Religions?
![Breaching Humpback Whale, Alaska](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/CmgJ8qN-ARRF-kWD2_QFAuY0-bo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/whale-83398476-58a0c5805f9b58819c10d10e.jpg)
Whale Pelvis: What Vestigial Organs Say About Evolution
![Hands touching on a background of a universe](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/QJxXA18Vt5A1u2jQ_IjwMyZgjlk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-488572441-58a09ede5f9b58819cceaa32.jpg)
Argument From Miracles: Do Miracles Prove God Exists?
![Evolution](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/JrTR82TBAs_0eCK7aDhtu_mhV3E=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/evolution-107492447-58a0ae2d5f9b58819cee1a8e.jpg)
Anatomical Homologies and Evolution
![World map on list of share prices](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/5HU1GRynkId2eOMFkjD5caPp9qQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/capitalism-88621565-589ffeed3df78c4758063abc.jpg)
Einstein Quotes and Views on Society and Government
![Yellow marker highlights 'moral' in Ethics document](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/gBaQz7QqRWJuyM45mzclU4SggmY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/morals-134107633-589fc9ec3df78c4758d51db7.jpg)
Einstein Quotes on Ethics and Morality
![US Constitution with a quill pen and inkwell](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/Qo5G8Jsd0c48ew2IEcQwp_Iwc7I=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/130898872-56a04c293df78cafdaa0f6d2.jpg)
Separation of Church and State: Is It Actually in the Constitution?
![Atheist Definition](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/5tAPsWc8oq-MLw72ThqCFXrxi_M=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/dictionary-entry-for-the-word-athiest-529171873-570699375f9b581408ce7498.jpg)
What It Means to Be an Infidel
![Helping hands gathering](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/_TT6PleiaGyCHDDB2vAAeua6IJo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-918127430-5ad6abb0119fa8003654a1e7.jpg)
Why Does Religion Exist?
![A hand in robes reaching to someone on the ground](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/vZe6Zarqr31qXFGiJbO7WJJ78Ps=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/jesus-182757319-589fd42b5f9b58819cfb5abe.jpg)
The Jesus Trilemma of C.S. Lewis
![Yellow marker highlights 'moral' in Ethics document](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/gBaQz7QqRWJuyM45mzclU4SggmY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/morals-134107633-589fc9ec3df78c4758d51db7.jpg)
C.S. Lewis and the Morality Argument
![Explaining Religion](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/omOs5GaupcwLVfzq2pKrpizgSiU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/454081171-57ac9fff5f9b58974aeab55a.jpg)
Religious vs. Non-Religious Belief Systems
![Kangaroo With Baby In Pouch On Field](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/O-igOi6Vx6WP8Fdp4oLK2Em46zY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/kangaroo-with-baby-in-pouch-on-field-543212839-57d61ced3df78c583361320e.jpg)
How Biogeography Supports the Truth of Evolution
![woman with thought bubble on chalk board](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/H5K8u4nIjOMivVdf_E13iuhaV-M=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/thinking-107276982-589ea7b45f9b58819c9e0125.jpg)
What Is Open Mindedness in Critical Thinking?
![Planet Earth Against Black Background](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/PE361dOCEUsxU8IFGbv_5ym-nKY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/earth-577158213-589e87283df78c475855c7f1.jpg)
Is There Proof of Creationism?
![Communication dictionary definition royalty free vector illustration](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/qzowkm--ZIp0ILDq6OC5urOQXoA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/dictionary_communication-165980466-589f6f6b3df78c475855b433.jpg)
What Is the Difference Between Denotation and Connotation?
![Coworkers discussing a project at conference table](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/zLut2CbxaU8MRfyy-9EGtHJeSDk=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/language-545163503-589f63dc3df78c47584a36e4.jpg)
Language, Meaning, and Communication
![Brick wall in step formation on a hillside](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/DqvT6bjN97UJQaKIce1cfBpbIWQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/wall-539612953-589e536a5f9b58819c3828c9.jpg)
Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists
![Having a meeting over a cup of coffee](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/GvzMWw6isbJWKV-qrTVwCRyJGxw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/165667382-56a04bc33df78cafdaa0f2ee.jpg)
Critiquing Arguments
![Technology vs. Religion](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/cxBQjMOcGMoPkbQZnCf6BbXKDi4=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/human-arm-touching-robotic-arm-over-geometric-diagrams-551988091-571958065f9b58857d72386d.jpg)
The Relationship Between Technology and Religion
![heaven door portal clouds](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/EfsWs43extOaV4pJ0nI0d3PR4mM=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/heaven-door-56a000b55f9b58eba4ae6779.jpg)
Atheism and Anti-Theism: What's the Difference?
![Statue of Socrates against partly cloudy sky.](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/SjWvPaal2QoFzuNb2SSu3JfR33A=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Socrates-58c714b25f9b58af5cbd38c6.jpg)
Deductive and Inductive Logic in Arguments
![Ancient Greek women caring for a sacrificial bull](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/HRDu0ognUsHf5WaavG2ITaQQR4g=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-171089415-57c347e65f9b5855e59bfb32.jpg)
Method of Sacrifice in Ancient Greece
![Teacher writing equations on the black board.](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/WBmtUsb7y0Vn97OHT-2p_XI57VY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/teacher-writing-equations-on-the-black-board-98841893-5b38028bc9e77c001afafa19.jpg)
The Criteria for Science and Scientific Theories
!["Aristotle" by Francesco Hayez (1791–1882)](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/2HzGNAtMpuy3HI-vLR8l73ksPgY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Francesco_Hayez_001-56a04c215f9b58eba4afd0c7.jpg)
What is Metaphysics?
![man at a chalk board](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/2xmYF3Hvm_wjT7l5AsoD3-E2nXs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/98841893-56a04c1b5f9b58eba4afd0a6.jpg)
According to Science, God Does Not Exist
![Egyptian Gods](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/nZqZvUaUdzaWbvC2_nI5ASZ24Q8=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/deities-engraving-on-rear-panel-of-third-burial-chapel-covered-in-gold-treasury-of-tutankhamun-egypt-egyptian-civilization-new-kingdom-dynasty-xviii-621710097-57ac9d625f9b58974ae53e75.jpg)
God or god? to Capitalize or Not to Capitalize
![A portrait of Albert Einstein](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/xJiL8ZlMuOUMZPsSntAyL-MDGBI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/albert-einstein-544750041-599e0bde519de200112efbf7.jpg)
Albert Einstein Quotes on Life After Death
![Low Angle View Of Letter A On Metallic Wall Against Cloudy Sky](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/oM_i3vM1WYNVl68rPDIKsULnsqI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/letter_a-561164995-589fda223df78c4758f94bf7.jpg)
Why 'Atheist' Shouldn't Be Capitalized
![](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/4vSJC4Q1pp3-TfZXS0tSYCbPvfc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Atheist_stickers-56a04c295f9b58eba4afd0eb.jpg)
Agnosticism for Beginners - Basic Facts About Agnosticism and Agnostics
![Albert Einstein](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/_XjpL0cXk92um51IFneNvgXqwEI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/3245370-56a04c293df78cafdaa0f6cf.jpg)
Albert Einstein Quotes Denying Belief in a Personal God
![Writing letter](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/-zQ4tyrQ5HYJo25Os-3B5OupdKU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/writing_letter-175384249-58a249f05f9b58819cdb1b96.jpg)
Fallacy of Amphiboly
![Light and Creation fist holding rays of light](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/dZ_so6bV8ybEfme6CRGiBo28pTg=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/hand-holding-light-laser-beam-that-bursts-out-164210729-572d32765f9b58c34cbf8ddc.jpg)
How Is That Possible for God to Be Transcendent and Immanent?
![Clenched fists of couple next to gold wedding rings](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/xP3MwqZKbqbN1pr95w_OdH7qhLU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/173298778-589d52115f9b58819cd3be0b.jpg)
Divorce Rates for Atheists Are Among the Lowest in America
![A manuscript of Lucretius' De Rerum Natura](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/2GxpiByfl4ugm51-cQWdrWP0Axw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Start_of_Lucretius_DRN_manuscript-57d5b4835f9b589b0a5899a4.jpg)
What Is the Idea of Materialism?
![Man handing flowers to young girl](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/CGPCODyLpmmQ7FLVixncjXvl5iM=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/509106291-589d520b3df78c4758d855d1.jpg)
How Should Atheists Respond When Others Ask for Prayers?
![religious billboard](https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/FUgM3d1FE-QlpE90aIjBNzS_V7M=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/usa-religion-anti-religious-organization-posts-billboard-ad-for-non-believers-526202032-57cf90935f9b5829f4f84f4a.jpg)
Agnostic Atheist Defined