Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)
The Court ruled that the statute requiring a license to solicit for
religious purposes was a prior restraint that vested the state with excessive power
in determining which groups must obtain a license.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)
In an 8-1 Court Decision, the Court ruled that a school district's
interest in creating national unity was sufficient to allow them to require students
to salute the flag.
Cox v. New Hampshire (1941)
The Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah's Witnesses for engaging
in a public parade without a license.
Jones v. Opelika I (1942)
The Court upheld a statute prohibiting the selling of literature without
a license because it only covered individuals engaged in an commercial activity rather
than a religious ritual.
Jones v. Opelika II (1943)
The Court ruled the practice of charging a flat fee for people distributing
literature was unconstitutional. The freedom of press was not to be restricted only
to those who can afford to pay the licensing fee.
Douglas v. City of Jeannette (1943)
The Supreme Court refused to prevent the City of Jeannette, Pennsylvania, from threatening
prosecution of Jehovah's Witnesses who were violating a law requiring the licensing of people
selling books even while that law was being challenged before the Supreme Court.
Murdock v. Pennsylvania (1943)
The Court found that the Jeanette ordinance requiring solicitors to
purchase a license from the borough was an unconstitutional tax on the Jehovah's
Witnesses' right to freely exercise their religion.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
The Court ruled 8-1 that a school district violated the rights of students by forcing
them to salute the American flag.
Follett v. Town of McCormick (1944)
Should people who earn their living by selling or distributing religious materials be
required to pay the same licensing fees and taxes as are expected of those who sell or
distribute non-religious materials? The Supreme Court held that such licenses are
unconstitutional.
Prince v. Massachusetts (1944)
In a 5-4 Court Decision, the Court upheld Massachusetts' restriction on the abilities
of children to sell religious literature.
Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton (2001)
Should people going door-to-door for solicitations, canvassing, etc. be required to
get a permit first? The Jehovah's Witnesses don't think so, and challenged just such
a law in the Village of Stratton, Ohio. The 6th Circuit Court decided against them, but the
case will soon be decided by the Supreme Court.
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Kermit L. Hall, ed.
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The Oxford Guide to United States Supreme Court Decisions. Kermit L. Hall, ed.
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The Godless Court? Supreme Court Decisions on Church-State Relationships. Ronald B. Flowers.
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The Godless Constitution: The Case Against Religious Correctness. Isaac Kramnick & R. Laurence Moore.
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The Constitution and Religion: Leading Supreme Court Cases on Church and State. Robert S. Alley
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The Supreme Court on Church and State. Robert S. Alley
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