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1484
With the papal bull Summis Desiderantes Affectibus, Pope Innocent VII appointed Heinrich Kramer and Johann Sprenger to be inquisitors in northern Germany. Kramer and Sprenger wrote a book, Malleus Maleficarum (The Witch Hammer), which became the standard text on the identification, behavior, interrogation, and punishment of witches for the following two centuries.
1565
Pope Pius IV died.
1905
France lifted Napoleon's Concordat of 1801 and enacted "An Act for the Separation of Church and State". Freedom of conscience was now guaranteed, but religious groups were now cut off from any economic support by the government.
1958
The John Birch Society was founded.
1968
Argued: Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church
The Court would decide that a Superior Court overstepped its constitutional powers by involving itself in an internal church dispute and that a Georgia law was unconstitutional for giving juries the right to make decisions in theological disputes.
1971
Lewis F. Powell Jr. was appointed to the Supreme Court
1981
Argued: Larson v. Valente
The Supreme Court would rule that a Minnesota law imposing greater burdens on minority, non-traditional religious groups was unconstitutional because was not closely enough related to furthering a specific governmental interest.
1994
Because of her controversial and outspoken opinions on sex education and drub abuse, U.S. Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders is forced to tender her resignation.
1995
The Christian Coalition created the "Catholic Alliance," a "fully owned subsidiary" of the Christian Coalition designed to appeal to conservative Catholics.
1998
Argued: Granzeier v. Middleton
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals would rule that government offices can close for Good Friday and Easter so long as they have a legitimate secular purpose, for example a desire to accommodate the travel plans of employees.
2003
Thirty-one American soldiers are injured by a suicide bombing outside a U.S. military base west of Mosul, Iraq.
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