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1303
Pope Boniface VIII died.
1521
Pope Leo X gave King Henry VIII of England the title "Defender of the Faith". Just three popes and 13 years later, Henry severed all ties with Rome to establish the Church of England.
1531
Ulrich Zwingli died at the Battle at Kappel where Roman Catholic Kantons defeated the Swiss Protestants.
1551
At the thirteenth session of the Council of Trent, major decisions were reached regarding the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist.
1883
The wife of William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army, is expelled from Switzerland because of official opposition to her missionary efforts.
1947
The United States endorsed a plan to partition Palestine into two states, one Jewish and the other Arab. The U.S.S.R. would add its endorsement on October 13th.
1962
The Second Vatican Council (21st ecumenical council) was convened by Pope John XXIII.
1985
Complaining about the way critics and dissidents in the Roman Catholic Church are treated, Catholic theologian Hans Küng wrote in the National Catholic Reporter that "No one is burned at the stake anymore, but careers and psyches are destroyed as required."
1998
Edith Stein was canonized a saint by Pope John Paul II.
2004
Saudi Arabia asks that all non-Muslims currently in the country avoid eating, drinking or smoking in public, or else: "Authorities will take deterrent measures such as terminating work contracts of, and deporting, violators."
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