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1096
Bohemond I (Bohemond Of Otranto, French Bohemond De Tarente), prince of Otranto (1089-1111) and one of the leaders of the First Crusade, leads his troops across the Adriatic Sea. Bohemond would be largely responsible for the capture of Antioch and he was able to secure the title Prince of Antioch (1098-1101, 1103-04).
1096
The Peasants' Crusade is massacred at Civeot, Anatolia, by Turkish archers from Nicaea. Only small children are spared the sword so that they could be sent into slavery. Around 3,000 manage to escape back to Constantinople where Peter the Hermit had been in negotiations with Emperor Alexius I Comnenus.
1096
Raymond, Count of Toulouse (also of St. Giles), leaves for the Crusade in the company of Adhemar, bishop of Puy and the Papal Legate.
1124
King Baldwin II reneges on the conditions of his release, forms alliances with Arab enemies of Timurtash, and attacks his positions around Aleppo. Baldwin is only stopped when il-Bursuqi, atabeg of Mosul, intervenes.
1147
Lisbon is captured by Crusaders and Portuguese forces under the command of Don Afonso Henriques, first king of Portugal, and Crusader Gilbert of Hastings, who becomes the first Bishop of Lisbon. In the same year the city of Almeria falls to the Spanish.
1157
Nur ad-Din is struck by a severe illness, halting his steady campaign against the Crusaders.
1225
Yolanda, Queen of Jerusalem, arrives in Brindisi with her father, John of Brienne, for her marriage to Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.
1240
Raymond-Roger de Trencavel is defeated at Carcassonne by Crusaders going after Cathars.
1273
Death of Baldwin II, the last emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Baldwin's reign had effectively ended when Michael VIII Palaeologus recaptured Constantinople in 1261, but European leaders continued to recognize his claim. Once he dies, however, the Latin Empire of Constantinople also ceases to exist.
1569
Philip II of Austria orders his half-brother, Don Juan of Austria, to quell a Morisco (Muslim converts to Christianity) uprising in Alpujarras with a "war of fire and blood."
1867
Friedrich Nietzsche enlisted in an artillery regiment stationed in Naumburg, Germany.
1868
Friedrich Nietzsche was discharged from the German army.
1878
Shere Ali announced a jihad against the British in Afghanistan.
1886
Friedrich Nietzsche began work on the 5th book of The Gay Science.
1936
Counting on his great popular support and promises of social reform, General Bakr Sidqi launched a military coup in Iraq.
1987
The Federal Election Commission imposed a $6,000 fine on Jerry Falwell because he illegally transferred $6.7 million in funds intended for his religious ministry to his various political efforts.
1988
Officials of the Vatican concede that the Shroud of Turin is, at most, 728 years old and therefore a forgery. Scientists at three independent laboratories had studied the cloth and reached this conclusion, but Catholic faithful continue to revere it as if it were genuine.
1990
Late in October, Lal Kishen Advani (leader of India's right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) organized a large motorcade to travel to Adyodhya and build a Temple to the Hindu god Ram on the site where a Muslim mosque was located. Advani was arrested and this caused the BJP to withdraw its support from the coalition government led by V.P. Singh and the government collapsed.
1993
In the document "Veritatis Splendor," Pope John Paul II ordered that the label "Catholic" be removed from any hospitals, universities, or other institutions which seriously deviated from "sound" church doctrine.
1996
Religion in Public Schools: The U.S. Supreme Court elected to not review a decision by a Mississippi Federal court which had found a state school prayer law unconstitutional. The law in question had allowed students or teachers to conduct organized prayer sessions at school assemblies, sports events, over the intercom, or in school classrooms.
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