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0420
Traditional date for the death of Saint Jerome.
1187
Jerusalem is officially surrendered to Saladin, commander of the Muslim forces besieging the city. In order to save face Saladin demands that a heavy ransom be paid for the release of any Latin Christians; those who cannot be ransomed are kept in slavery. Orthodox and Jacobite Christians are permitted to remain in the city. To show mercy Saladin finds many excuses to let Christians go for little or no ransom at all - even buying the freedom of many himself. Many Christian leaders, on the other hand, smuggle gold and treasure out of Jerusalem rather than use to free others from slavery. These greedy leaders include Patriarch Heraclius as well as many Templars and Hospitallers.
1227
Pope Nicholas IV was born.
1943
Pope Pius XII issued the encyclical "Divino Afflante Spiritu," encouraging Catholic scholars to devote more attention to biblical exegesis. One of the long-term effects of this emphasis was the publication of the New American Bible in 1970.
1951
Billy Graham's "Hour of Decision" program first aired on ABC.
1952
The complete Old and New Testament of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible are first published by Thomas Nelson and Sons. The RSV New Testament had first appeared in 1946.
1953
Earl Warren was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
1984
One hundred seven Muslim extremists were sentenced to prison for their actions after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981.
1997
The Roman Catholic Church in France issued a public apology for remaining silent during the persecution and deportation of Jews conducted by the pro-Nazi Vichy regime during World War II.
1997
In France, the Roman Catholic Church apologizes to the Jewish people for not speaking up against the Nazis during their persecution of the Jews during the occupation of France.
2004
The Federal Marriage Amendment, which would have placed a ban on gay marriages in the American Constitution, is defeated in the U.S. House of Representatives by a vote of 227-186.
2005
Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten publishes 12 drawings of Muhammad, all received in response to their call earlier in the month and designed to accompany an article on censorship. Death threats against the publishers and artists follow immediately.
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