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0031 BCE
At Actium, a promontory of Acarnania in Greece, the fleet of Marc Antony and Cleopatra meet the fleet of Ocatvius Caesar in battle, Octavius is victorious and his control over the Roman Empire was then unchallenged. For centuries this would stand as the largest naval battle ever.
1192
The Treaty of Jaffa puts an end to hostilities of the Third Crusade. Negotiated between Richard I Lionheart and Saladin, Christian pilgrims are granted special rights of travel around Palestine and in Jerusalem. Richard had also managed to capture the cities of Daron, Jaffa, Acre, and Ascalon - an improvement over the situation when Richard first arrived, but not much of one. Although the Kingdom of Jerusalem was never large or secure, it was now still very weak and did not reach inland more than 10 miles at any point.
1732
Pope Clement XII renewed anti-Jewish laws of Rome.
1752
This was the last day that the United States and England used the Julian calendar. The following day became September 14, skipping the 3rd through the 13th. On September 14th, the Gregorian Calendar officially came into use.
1784
Thomas Coke was consecrated as the first "bishop" in the Methodist Episcopal Church by the founder of Methodism, John Wesley. Coke was later instrumental in the development and growth of Methodism in North America.
1796
Jews of the Netherlands received their emancipation.
1884
Berne, Switzerland, enacts severe restrictions against the Salvation Army as part of a general but unconstitutional persecution of the group.
1898
A coalition of English, Egyptian, and Sudanese forces under the command of British general Sir Horatio Herbert Kitchener met and defeated the Mahdist Army led by the Khalifa Abdullahi at Omdurman, outside of Khartoum.
1938
B. F. Skinner's groundbreaking book The Behavior of Organisms was first published. Of the 800 copies in the first printing, only 548 had been sold by 1946.
1969
NBC canceled "Star Trek," a show which had debuted on September 8, 1966.
2003
One Iraqi police officer and 25 other people are killed when a bomb explodes outside the home of Baghdad's chief of police, Hassan Ali (he escaped).
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