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0676
Birth of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) in Herstal, Wallonia, Belgium, as the illegitimate son of Pippin II. Serving as Mayor of the Palace of the kingdom of the Franks, Charles would lead a force of Christians that turn back a Muslim raiding party near Poitiers (or Tours) which, according to many historians, would effectively halt the advance of Islam against Christianity in the West.
1244
Jerusalem falls to the Khorzmian horsemen who had begun attacking the city the previous month. Large numbers of the city's inhabitants are slaughtered.
1268
The Battle of Tagliacozzo occurs.
1305
First reported act of displaying a head on the London Bridge occurs: Sir William Wallace, Scottish patriot.
1566
Calvinists were granted rights in the Netherlands.
1769
French naturalist Georges Cuvier is born.
1852
Arnold Toynbee was born. Toynbee was a British historian whose writings and ideas have had considerable influence on modern attitudes towards not only history, but also religion and international relations.
1927
Anarchists Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco were executed.
1948
World Council of Churches was formed.
2003
John Geoghan, a former Roman Catholic priest who was implicated in a large number of cases of sexually abusing children over the course of many years, is murdered while in protective custody in a prison in Shirley, Massachusetts.
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