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1099
Battle of Ascalon: Crusaders successfully fight off an Egyptian army sent to relieve Jerusalem. Prior to its capture by the Crusaders, Jerusalem had been under the control of the Fatamid Caliphate of Egypt, and the vizier of Egypt, al-Afdal, raises an army of 50,000 men that outnumber the remaining Crusaders five to one, but which is inferior in quality. This is the final battle in the First Crusade.
1484
Pope Sixtus IV died.
1689
Pope Innocent XI died. Much of his reign was marred by his conflicts with the King of France who, at this time, was seeking to drastically expand his power and influence.
1887
Erwin Schrödinger was born in Vienna, Austria. Schrödinger won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1933 and was highly influential in the development of physics during the 20th century.
1950
Pope Pius XII issued the encyclical Humani Generis, condemning ideologies which threatened Roman Catholic faith but allowing that evolution did not necessarily conflict with Christianity.
1960
Madalyn Murray (later O'Hair) discovers that at her son's new school all pupils have mandatory prayers in school each morning.
1965
Tanks and artillery from Syria and Israel clash along the Jordan River north of the Sea of Galilee.
2004
In St. Poelten, Austria, a Catholic seminary is shut down after evidence of extensive sexual impropriety is released.
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