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1096
The Peasants' Crusade, which had departed from Europe that Spring, is shipped over the Bosporus by Emperor Alexius I Comnenus of Constantinople. Alexius I had welcomed these first Crusaders, but they are so decimated by hunger and disease that they cause a great deal of trouble, looting churches and houses around Constantinople. Thus, Alexius has them taken to Anatolia as quickly as possible. Made up of poorly organized groups led by Peter the Hermit and Walter the Pennyless (Gautier sans-Avoir, who had led a separate contingent from Peter, most of whom were killed by the Bulgarians), the Peasants' Crusade would proceed to pillage Asia Minor but meet with a very messy end.
1098
Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy and nominal leader of the First Crusade, dies during an epidemic. With this, Rome's direct control over the Crusade effectively ends.
1119
Forces of the First Crusade are defeated in the battle of Sarmada.
1209
Crusaders arrive at the French town of Carcassonne, controlled by Raymond-Roger de Trencavel and believed to be a Cathar stronghold.
1245
First Council of Lyons opened. At this Council, Pope Innocent IV deposed Frederick but lacked the power to enforce it and have Frederick replaced.
1521
Suleiman the Magnificent sends his Janissaries to assault Belgrade. Defenders manage to hold out in the citadel until the end of the month, but they were finally forced to surrender and all the Hungarians were killed - despite a promise that none would be harmed.
1571
The Venetians under governor Macantonia Bragadion agree to surrender Famagusta on Cyprus to the Turkish invaders.
1744
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was born. Lamarck advocated a theory of evolution which included the idea that traits could be acquired and then passed along to offspring.
1896
Elisabeth Nietzsche moved the archive of Friedrich Nietzsche's writings from Naumburg to Weimar.
1932
Meir Kahane was born. Kahane was a pivotal figure in the development of extremism on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
1947
Because of the murders of two British sergeants in Palestine the day before, anti-Jewish rioting breaks out in Liverpool, Manchester, and other English cities.
1958
In light of the recent coup in Iraq, King Hussein of Jordan formally announces the end of the Arab Federation between the countries and the United States recognizes the new government of Iraq.
1967
Israel annexed East Jerusalem.
1979
Linda Joy Holtzman became the rabbi for the Conservative Beth Israel congregation in Coatesville, Pennsylvania. She was thus the female rabbi to lead a Jewish congregation in the USA.
1988
Martin Scorsese's "The Last Temptation of Christ" opens to widespread complaints and protests over its blasphemous content.
1991
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir accepted a new formula for peace talks in the Middle East.
2001
Angelika and Gudrun Pannier become Germany's first gay couple to legally wed in a civil marriage ceremony.
2006
Lammas: English Christian harvest festival (loaf-mass) and Pagan harvest festival.
2006
Orthodox Christian fast in honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus, the Virgin Mary.
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