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1099
Pope Urban II dies. Urban had followed the lead set by his predecessor, Gregory VII, by working to enhance the power of the papacy against the power of secular rulers. He also became known for having initiated the first of the Crusades against Muslim powers in the Middle East. Urban dies, though, without ever learning that the First Crusade had taken Jerusalem and was a success.
1187
The city of Sidon surrenders to Saladin.
1189
Sahyun Castle surrenders to Saladin, who leads the assault personally, and the fortress is renamed Qalaat Saladin.
1644
Pope Urban VIII died.
1775
The American Army began employing chaplains, making theirs the oldest branch of army after the Infantry.
1974
The Episcopal Church ordained its first eleven women as priests .
1993
Rev. Paul Hill shot and killed Dr. John Britton, an abortion provider.
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