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0966
Pope Benedict V died in Hamburg, Germany.
1187
Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats the Crusaders in an area northwest of Lake Tiberias and assumes control of most of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Crusaders should never have left Sephoria - they were defeated as much by the hot desert and lack of water as they were by Saladin's army. Raymond of Tripoli dies of his wounds after the battle. Reynald of Chantillon, Prince of Antioch, is personally beheaded by Saladin but the other Crusader leaders are treated better. Gerard de Ridefort, the Grand Master of the Knights Templar, and the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller are ransomed. After the battle Saladin moves north and captures the cities of Acre, Beirut, and Sidon with little effort.
1191
The Muslim defenders of Acre offer to surrender to the Crusaders, but their offer is rebuffed.
1415
Gregory XII officially convened the Council of Constance.
1519
The term "Lutheran" was first used. It was applied to those Protestants who strictly followed the writings of Martin Luther.
1546
Birth of Murad III, sultan of the Ottoman Empire and eldest son of Selim II. Like his father Murad would not care much for political matters, preferring instead to spend time with his harem. He fathers 103 children.
1902
Religious and spiritual leader Vivekananda died.
1923
The Chicago Tribune published a set of 55 questions Clarence Darrow posed about the Bible and evolution to William Jennings Bryan, presaging the confrontation between the two in the Scopes Monkey Trial two years later.
1933
Under pressure from the Vatican, Heinrich Brüning agreed to end the Center Party in Germany. This paved the way for the signing of a Concordat between the Nazi government and the Vatican.
1983
Rev. Jerry Falwell described AIDS as a "gay plague."
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