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0684
Benedict II is elected pope.
1187
Saladin launches his invasion of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem by crossing into Palestine.
1541
Francisco Pizarro is assassinated at Lima, Peru.
1546
Pope Paul III and Emperor Charles V joined together in opposition to the followers of Martin Luther.
1858
The United States army entered Salt Lake City in order to restore peace and install Alfred Cumming (a non-Mormon) as governor. Mormon residents had opposed the replacement of Brigham Young, who had declared martial law and forbade U.S. troops from entering Utah. There were sporadic raids made by the Mormon militia against the winter encampment of the army, but that was the extent of the Utah War.
1870
Under the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, Congress officially declared Christmas to be a national holiday.
1966
Iraqi Prime Minister Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz accepted a ceasefire with the Kurds of northern Iraq, ending a 6 year conflict. Under the agreement, the Iraqi government officially recognized the Kurdish language and provided for Kurdish representation in civil government. Unfortunately, the agreement would break down by the end of the year.
1968
Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren announced his intention to resign.
1985
Decided: Estate of Thornton v. Caldor
The Supreme Court ruled 8-1 that Connecticut's law requiring that employers give all employees the day off if it was their chosen day of worship was unconstitutional because it had a direct effect of advancing a particular religious practice.
1987
Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. announced his retirement.
2002
Tomomitsu Niimi, former "home affairs minister" for Aum Shinrikyo (Aum Supreme Truth) was sentenced to death by the Tokyo District Court. Niimi played a key role in the murder of anti-Aum lawyer Tsutsumi Sakamoto and his family in November 1989 and he organized the sarin gas attack in the town of Matsumoto in June 1994 that killed seven people and injured 144. Niimi was the eighth member of Aum to receive the death sentence for a series of crimes committed by the cult.
2002
Decided: Newdow v. U.S. Congress
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the addition of the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance back in 1954 was unconstitutional.
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