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1203
A fleet carrying Crusaders on the Fourth Crusade enters Bosphorus.
1530
Reformation leaders signed the Augsburg Confession, an explanation of their doctrines and differences from Roman Catholicism.
1565
The Maltese fort of St. Elmo falls to Turkish forces, but not until the defenders are able to inflict casualties that number in the thousands.
1683
William Penn, a Quaker and founder of the colony of Pennsylvania, signed a famous treaty with the Indians of that region. This treaty was never broken by the Quakers.
1894
Alfred C. Kinsey is born.
1948
Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas is born.
1966
John V. Lindsay, Mayor of New York City, canceled an official dinner with King Faisal of Saudi Arabia after the king made a statement implying that any Jews who supported the state of Israel were enemies of his own nation.
1967
Pope Paul VI issued the encyclical 'Sacerdotalis Caelibatus,' reaffirming the Catholic Church's requirement of celibacy for priests.
1981
The United States Air Force ordered Simcha Goldman, an Orthodox Jew, to stop wearing a yarmulke because it violated the military dress code. Goldman challenged this decision in the courts in a case which became known as Goldman v. Weinberger.
1997
Governor Fob James of Alabama claimed in a Federal District Court that the religion clauses of the First Amendment do not apply to the states and, hence, cannot be used to find any state laws unconstitutional.
2003
In a 5-to-4 ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the University of Michigan admissions policy which takes race into account when deciding which applicants to accept.
2004
The U.S. government releases a Justice Department memo claiming that the president has the legal authority to order prisoners to be tortured," even though torture remains technically illegal.
2006
Catholic Christians celebrate the Blessed Heart of Jesus. This feast day is celebrated by the Catholic Church in order to remember the "faith and steadfastness" of Jesus.
Do you have any suggestions for additions to this date? If so, you are encouraged to write and say so - the more information that can be added, the more complete and informative the calendar will be.
