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1097
Crusaders captured Antioch after a long siege. This had delayed progress towards Jerusalem by a year.
1097
The city of Nicaea surrenders to the Crusaders. Emperor Alexius I Comnenus of Constantinople makes a deal with the Turks that puts the city in his hands and kicks the Crusaders out. In not allowing them to pillage Nicaea, Emperor Alexius engenders a great deal of animosity towards the Byzantine Empire.
1623
Blaise Pascal is born.
1843
Karl Marx married Jenny von Westphalen.
1910
Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas was born in Memphis, Tennessee.
1950
Israel formally apologizes to Sweden for the assassination of Count Folke Bernadotte, UN mediator in Palestine.
1956
Jerry Falwell broke away from the church were he was saved and founded Thomas Road Baptist Church, the church he continues to lead.
1956
Egyptian Premier Gamal Abdal Nasser officially ended the state of emergency which had prevailed in Egypt since the overthrow of King Farouk in 1952.
1957
The Parapsychological Association is founded.
1961
Decided: Torcaso v. Watkins
In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court found that Maryland's religious test for public office violated Torcaso's right to religious freedom.
1961
Kuwait, a British protectorate since 1899, declared independence. This made leaders in Iraq very unhappy as they long harbored the hope that Kuwait would be integrated into Iraq.
1977
John Nepomucene Neumann was canonized by Pope Paul VI, becoming the first American-born male saint. Neumann was the fourth Bishop of the Philadelphia Diocese and his most important mark on American Catholicism may be his creation of the parochial school system.
1987
Decided: Edwards v. Aguillard
In a 7-2 decision, the Supreme Court invalidated Louisiana's "Creationism Act" because it violated the Establishment Clause.
1995
Decided: Metzl v. Leininger (1995)
According to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, Illinois' policy of making Good Friday a school holiday when schools would be closed but teacher paid anyway was unconstitutional because there was no larger secular purpose involved and, hence, the holiday amounted to favoritism towards one religion over others.
2000
Decided: Santa Fe School District v. Doe
The Supreme Court ruled that official, student-led prayers before a school football game violated the separation of church and state.
2000
Affirmed: Freiler v. Tangipahoa
The Supreme Court let stand a Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals found that a disclaimer to be read before teaching about evolution ultimately had the effect of furthering religious interests and was therefore unconstitutional.
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