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0847
Leo IV was consecrated pope.
1191
King Richard I Lionheart of England departs from Sicily with a fleet of over 200 ships, setting sail for what is left of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. His journey is not nearly so calm and quick as that of his colleague, Philip of France.
1583
European jurist and political philosopher Hugo Grotius was born.
1585
Pope Gregory XIII died.
1873
Brigham Young renounces all temporal powers in Utah and over the Mormon community.
1950
By refusing to review the contempt of Congress convictions of two film writers, the Supreme Court upholds the right of congressional committees to compel witnesses to reveal whether they are communists or not.
1955
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, French philosopher and paleontologist, died.
1963
Pope John XXIII proclaimed his last encyclical, Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth). In this document he called for greater international cooperation among different nations and an end to uncritical hostility usually showed towards communist countries. Critics complained that this encyclical made Marxism and communism appear respectable, thus leading to an increase in power of leftist political parties in Italy.
1967
Argued: Loving v. Virginia
A Virginia law against interracial marriages would be struck down, with the Supreme Court declaring that marriage is a "fundamental civil right" and that decisions in this arena are not those with which the State can interfere unless they have good cause.
1973
An Israeli strike forces launches a raid on Palestinian buildings in Beirut, Lebanon, killing three important Palestinian leaders.
1992
The coalition of forces led by the United States officially ended its hostilities with Iraq after having driven Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.
1998
The Belfast Agreement was signed. This agreement stipulated that Ireland would continue as part of the United Kingdom for as long as the majority of the people in the six counties wanted and that Ireland would be reunited if and when a majority of the citizens of the six counties voted for a reunification.
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