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1084
Anti-pope Clement III crowned German emperor Henry IV.
1146
St. Bernard or Clairvaux preaches the merits and necessity of the Second Crusade at Vezelay. Bernard writes in a letter to the Templars: "The Christian who slays the unbeliever in the Holy War is sure of his reward, the more sure if he himself is slain.The Christian glories in the death of the pagan, because Christ is thereby glorified." King Louis VII of France is particularly taken by Bernard's preaching and is among the first to agree to go, along with his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.
1492
Ferdinand and Isabella issue an edict expelling Jews from Spain. Their ultimate goal was to establish religious purity in Spain, something they had already taken significant steps towards after recapturing Granada from the Moors. The official reason for the expulsion was that the Jewish community influenced the Marranos to remain Jewish, but a more realistic explanation points towards the desire to appropriate Jewish property and money.
1499
Pope Pius IV was born.
1596
French philosopher Rene Descartes was born at La Haye in Touraine, France.
1675
Pope Benedict XIV was born.
1683
An army of at least 250,000 troops, the last great Ottoman assault on Christian Europe, departs Edirne for Vienna, Austria.
1711
Ireland's last trial for witchcraft was at Magee Island.
1745
Jews were expelled from Prague.
1770
Immanuel Kant was appointed professor (Professore Ordinario der Logic und Metaphysic) at the University of Konigsberg. Kant always wanted to teach at Konigsberg and turned down offers to teach at Erlangen and Jena while waiting for an offer here.
1829
Pius VIII was elected pope.
1881
Sigmund Freud received his MD degree from the University of Vienna. During his career as a medical student, Freud discovered that cocaine could be used as an analgesic.
1941
Decided: Cox v. New Hampshire
The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah's Witnesses for engaging in a public parade without a license.
1959
The 14th Dalai Lama was granted political asylum in India.
1995
The ACLU filed a complaint against Judge Moore, charging that his display of Ten Commandments and his practice of initiating courtroom proceedings with a prayer, violate the First Amendment.
2000
Decided: Cuffley v. Mickes
The Ku Klux Klan applied to participate in Missouri's Adopt-A-Highway program, but were denied because of their beliefs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Klan.
2000
A Joint Resolution of the Kentucky General Assembly was passed, requiring public schools in the state to include lessons on Christian influences on America and calling for the display of the Ten Commandments in schools and on State Capitol grounds.
2004
Four mercenaries, all U.S. civilian contractors, are killed in a grenade attack on their vehicle by guerrillas in Fallujah, Iraq . After the attack, a violent mob moved in to pull out and mutilate the charred bodies. Two were hung from a bridge over the Euphrates.
2005
After 13 days without her feeding tube, Terri Schiavo dies in Florida. Terri Schiavo fell into a coma brought on buy her bulimia and the loss of blood flow to her brain caused it to die - her cerebral cortex was gone and spinal fluid was all that remains. Terri Schiavo's husband, Michael, wanted the feeding tube removed and said that was what she would have wanted. All courts agreed, but Terri Schiavo's parents fought it - and lost
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