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Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero died at the age of 78.
0418
Jews were officially excluded from holding public offices in the Roman Empire.
0483
Pope Simplicius died.
1098
Christian citizens of Edessa, a powerful Armenian kingdom that controls a region from the coastal plain of Cilicia all the way to the Euphrates, surrenders to Baldwin of Boulogne. Possession of this region would provide a secure flank to the Crusaders.
1521
Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, declared Martin Luther's writings must be burned.
1681
William Penn, an English Quaker, received a charter from Charles II which made him the sole proprietor of the colonial American territory of Pennsylvania.
1772
Friedrich von Schlegel, aesthetician and poet, was born. Schlegel was a literary critic who paved the way for the literary period of Romanticism. Schlegel encouraged interest in both antiquity and the Middle Ages, two hallmarks of Romanticism.
1791
Pope Pius VI condemned the treatment of Catholic clergy under France's Civil Constitution.
1819
German philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi died in Munich.
1937
B. F. Skinner became a member of Psi Chi, the national honor society in psychology.
1943
Argued: Jones v. Opelika II
The Supreme Court would rule the practice of charging a flat fee for people distributing literature was unconstitutional. The freedom of press was not to be restricted only to those who can afford to pay the licensing fee.
1943
Argued: Murdock v. Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court would find that a Jeanette ordinance requiring solicitors to purchase a license from the borough was an unconstitutional tax on the Jehovah's Witnesses' right to freely exercise their religion.
1943
Argued: Douglas v. City of Jeanette
The Supreme Court would refuse to prevent the City of Jeannette, Pennsylvania, from threatening prosecution of Jehovah's Witnesses who were violating a law requiring the licensing of people selling books even while that law was being challenged before the Supreme Court.
1957
Osama Bin Laden, terrorist and guerilla leader, was born.
1987
The Vatican issued a formal declaration to express its opposition to test-tube fertilization, embryo transfer, and most forms of scientific involvement in human reproduction.
1993
Michael Griffin shot and killed Dr. David Gunn in Pensacola, Florida. This was the first murder of an abortion provider by an anti-abortion activist.
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