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0254
Pope Lucius I died.
1133
Birth of Henry II Plantagenet. As king of England Henry would answer the call to join the Third Crusade but he would die before being able to do anything. His son, Richard I Lionheart, would become one of the leaders of the Third Crusade.
1179
The Third Lateran Council opens under Pope Alexander III. Convened at the Lateran Palace, Rome, after the Peace of Venice, which reconciled the pope with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, it included an envoy from the Orthodox Greeks and the most important legislation was the first canon, which confirmed that the election of the pope was to be in the hands of the cardinals alone, two thirds being necessary for election. This council also enacts harsh measures against the Waldenses and Albigensians.
1198
The Teutonic Knights are re-formed as a military order in a ceremony at Acre in Palestine.
1518
Erasmus sent a copy of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses to Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England during Henry VIII's schism with Rome.
1605
Pope Clement VIII died at the age of 69.
1616
The Roman Catholic Church, through Cardinal Robert Bellarmine, declared Copernicanism a "false and erroneous" doctrine. Nicolaus Copernicus' "de Revolutionibus" was placed on Index of Forbidden Books by the Roman Catholic Church.
1623
The Virginia colony enacted the first American temperance law.
1734
Franz Anton Mesmer was born in Meersburg, Germany.
1920
Leontine Kelly, the first black female bishop of the Methodist church, was born.
1947
A group of Jewish mayors in the area around Tel Aviv joined with the Rabbinical Council of Palestine to issue a harsh condemnation of Zionist terrorist groups like the Stern Group, Irgun Zvai Leumi, and the Fighters for the Freedom of Israel.
1953
Joseph Stalin dies after ruling the Soviet Union for 29 years.
1968
Church of All Worlds became the first Wiccan church to be incorporated in the United States.
1984
Decided: Lynch v. Donnelly
The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the city of Pawtucket could continue to display a nativity scene as part of its Christmas display.
1997
The US House of Representatives voted 295-125 to support Judge Roy Moore, a local judge in Alabama who has refused to remove a Ten Commandments plaque from his courtroom. Alabama Gov. Fob James has promised to deploy the National Guard and state troopers rather than see the display come down.
2004
The Wisconsin State Assembly approves of an amendment to the state constitution (68-27) that would ban both same-sex marriages and civil unions.
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