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0870
The Fourth Constantinople Council closed. Under the direction of Pope Adrian II in the West and Emperor Basil I in the East, the council condemned iconoclasm and was the last ecumenical council held in the East.
1066
Westminster Abbey opened.
1759
Pope Clement XIII gave official approval for the Bible to be translated into vernacular languages normally spoken by Catholics around the world.
1784
At the age of 80, John Wesley created a formal charter for the movement he started within Anglicanism. Eventually it would come to be known as Wesleyan Methodism.
1799
Johann Joseph Ignaz von Dollinger, a founder of the Old Catholic movement, is born.
1823
French philosopher and historian of religion Ernest Renan was born.
1928
Argued: Olmstead v. United States
The Supreme Court decided that wire tapping is legal, no matter what the reason or motivation, because it is not expressly prohibited in the Constitution. Justice Brandeis' dissent, however, laid the groundwork for future understandings of privacy.
1993
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) along with the FBI and other federal agents staged a raid the Branch Davidian compound at Waco, Texas.
2003
The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which ruled earlier in the year that the addition of "under God" to the The Pledge of Allegiance was unconstitutional, refused to reconsider its ruling, saying it would be wrong to allow public outrage to influence its decisions.
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