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0272
Constantine the Great was born. Constantine would later give Christianity social and political legitimacy in the Roman Empire.
1670
Leopold I ordered that all Jews be expelled from Austria.
1859
Bertha Pappenheim was born in Vienna. Although she is not well know by this name, she is relatively famous under the pseudonym Anno O., the patient of Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud. Their treatment of her symptoms played an important role in the development of psychoanalysis.
1863
George Herbert Mead was born in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
1936
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov died.
1954
Because of his widespread popular support, Major General Mohammed Naguib was restored to the post of President of Egypt; Lieutenant Colonel Gamal Nasser remained Premier.
1990
Argued: Webster v. New Lenox Seventh
Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that school boards have the right to prohibit teaching creationism because such lessons would constitute religious advocacy.
1991
President Bush announced the cessation of military operations in the first Persian Gulf War, with all of Kuwait retaken and Iraqi forces completely defeated.
2003
The Vatican announced revised rules for dealing with priests accused of molesting children, revealing that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith would have the power to summarily laicize a priest against his will and without church trial, previously something only the pope could do. Pope John Paul II had given his approval to the changes earlier in the month.
2003
Rowan Williams, the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, was officially enthroned as the new head of the Anglican church. Williams' well-known liberal attitudes on topics like homosexuality and female priests resulted in numerous protests.
2003
The United States House of Representative voted 241-155 to outlaw all forms of human cloning, no matter what the reason. President Bush gave his full support to efforts to create a "total ban" on human cloning.
2003
United States Representative Lucas from Oklahoma introduced House Joint Resolution 27 which would add an amendment to the United States Constitution asserting that it is not "an establishment of religion for teachers in public school to recite, or to lead willing students in the recitation of" the The Pledge of Allegiance when it contains the phrase "under God." This was essentially an admission that the Constitution, as it stands, does not permit such recitation.
2004
In Japan, Shoko Asahara was sentenced to death by hanging. Asahara was the leader of Aum Shinrikyo (Aum Supreme Truth), a Japanese cult that gassed the Tokyo subway in 1995.
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