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1014
Pope Benedict VIII crowned Henry II as emperor.
1076
Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV because of his refusal to accept Gregory's position that secular rulers should not be allowed to invest clergy.
1099
Raymond of Toulouse begins a siege of Arqah, but he would be forced to give up in April.
1124
Crusaders, mostly Franks and Venetians, begin a siege of Tyre.
1130
Cardinal Pietro Pierleone was elected as anti-pope Anacletus II.
1349
In Strasbourg, France, about 2,000 Jews were burned at the stake.
1546
In Eisleben, Germany, Martin Luther preached his final sermon.
1556
Archbishop Thomas Cranmer was declared a heretic.
1760
Richard Allen, the first black ordained in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and founder of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, was born a slave in Philadelphia.
1766
Economist Thomas Robert Malthus was born.
1835
The twelve apostles of the Mormon Church are chosen by Joseph Smith.
1895
Max Horkheimer was born.
1896
Theodor Herzl, early leader of Zionism, published "Der Judenstaat"
1947
British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin announces that because Britain had thus far failed to solve the Palestinian problem, they would put the issue before the United Nations.
1949
Russian-born chemist and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann was elected first president of modern Israel.
1955
Carl Jung appeared on the cover of Time magazine.
1958
Iraq and Jordan proclaim their intention to create a political union as the Arab Federation and under the leadership of King Faisal II of Iraq.
1985
In the United States, the Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Judaism formally announced that they would begin to accept women as rabbis.
1989
Iran's Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini sentenced author Salman Rushdie to death for publishing The Satanic Verses, which many Muslims regarded as insulting to the Prophet Muhammed. Between $1 million $3 million as a reward for anyone who killed Salman Rushdie because of his novel. A few weeks later, Iran severed relations with Great Britain over the latter's refuses to denounce Rushdie, a resident of the UK.
1998
Muslim terrorists detonated 13 bombs throughout the city of Coimbatore, India, in response to the scheduled visit by fundamentalist Hindu leader Lal Krishna Advani.
2000
Religion in Public Schools: According to the Houston Chronicle in Houston, Texas, there was a confrontation involving religious speech at Stephen F. Austin State University, a state sponsored school. There were about 180 student groups at the university. A new group, made up of Wiccan students applied for recognition in the Fall of 1999. Their certification was opposed by some Christians on campus. The final vote was 16 to 15 in favor of recognition. Chi Alpha Christian Fellowship had hung a banner over the school entrance off North Street stating: "This campus belongs to God...The Earth is the Lord's and everything in it, the world and all who live in it." (Psalms 24:1)
2001
In a 7-3 vote, the Kansas State Board of Education restored evolution and the origin of the earth to the state's science education standards. In a controversial 1999 vote, the board had de-emphasized evolution and removed the Big Bang Theory from teaching requirements.
2003
David Wayne Hull, a Ku Klux Klan leader in Pennsylvania and adherent of Christian Identity, was arrested for plotting to blow up abortion clinics.
2003
Dolly the sheep was euthanized after being diagnosed with a progressive lung disease and premature aging. Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult.
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