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0749
Emperor Leo IV of Byzantium was born, leading the Eastern Church in a transition away from Iconoclasm and towards a restoration of Icons.
0844
Pope Gregory IV was elected.
1138
Anacletus II, antipope from 1130 - 1138, died.
1627
Robert Boyle was born.
1743
German philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi was born in Dusseldorf.
1841
The Oxford Movement in England reached its highest point when John Henry Newman's Tract No. 90 is published. The resulting controversy brought the series of tracts (begun in 1833) to an end. It was not much later that Newman resigned from his Anglican parish and, in 1845, he converted to Roman Catholicism.
1900
Theodosius Dobzhansky was born.
1947
The British government rejects demands from Egypt that they evacuate all troops from the Sudan so that Egypt could assert political and military control over the region.
1959
Pope John XXIII announced that he would convoke the Second Vatican Council, the first ecumenical council since 1870, for the purpose of reuniting the Christian churches separated from Rome. It officially opened October 11, 1962 and closed December 8, 1965.
1980
Bani Sadr was elected President of Iran.
2006
Christians commemorate the conversion of St. Paul.
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