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1118
Pope Paschal II died.
1188
Henry II Plantagenet of England and Philip II of France meet in France to listen to Archbishop of Tyre Josias describe the loss of Jerusalem and most of the Crusader positions in the Holy Land. They agree to take up the cross and participate in a military expedition against Saladin. They also decide to impose a special tithe, known as the "Saladin Tithe," to help fund the Third Crusade. This tax amounts to one tenth of a person's income over a three year period; only those who participated on the Crusade were exempt - a great recruiting tool.
1189
Troops for the third crusade, called in response to the victories of Muslims under the command of Saladin, began to gather under King Philip II Augustus of France, King Henry II of England (shortly followed by his son, King Richard I), and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Frederick drowned the next year on the way to Palestine - German folklore developed that asserted he was hidden in a mountain waiting to return and lead Germany to a new and brighter future.
1276
Innocent V was elected pope.
1521
Martin Luther was officially excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church.
1522
Head inquisitor Adrian Florisz Boeyens was elected pope, becoming Pope Adrian VI.
1525
The radical Anabaptist group the Swiss Brethren was founded by John Denk, Conrad Grebel and Balthasar Hubmaier.
1789
Baron d'Holbach died.
2006
Catholics celebrate the Feast of Saint Agnes, patron saint of virgins, chastity, young women, and betrothed couples.
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