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0395
Theodosius I the Great, the Spanish-born emperor of Rome, died at age 49.
0395
Theodosius the Great, Roman emperor who established Christianity as the official religion and persecuted the pagans, dies and the empire is divided between his two sons: Arcadius in the east and Honorius in the west.
1169
Vizier Shawar of Cairo is killed and Saladin takes control of both the city and Egypt.
1377
Over the protest of powerful French cardinals, Pope Gregory XI returned papacy to Rome from its 70-year stay in Avignon.
1504
Pope Pius V was born.
1562
The Edict of St. Germain gave official recognition to French Protestantism.
1706
Benjamin Franklin was born.
1949
Twelve important members of the U.S. Communist Party were put on trial, charged with conspiring to teach and promote the violent overthrow of the government. In October, ten were convicted.
1984
Decided: Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios
The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the private use of home VCRs to tape TV programs for later viewing does not violate federal copyright laws.
1990
Decided: Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization of California
Should religious organizations be totally exempt from taxation because the collection of such taxes violates both the Free Exercise and the Establishment Clauses of the First Amendment?
1991
A coalition of forces led by the United States launched an attack on Iraq in order to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait and prevent it from launching similar wars of aggression again in the future.
2003
Saddam Hussein makes a television address to the Iraqi people, urging them to defend Iraq against aggression from the United States. Hussein labels the American military the "Mongols of his age" and calls upon other Arabs to come to the aid of Iraq and to "mobilize and defeat the enemy at the gates of Baghdad."
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