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Events which occured at some point during the month of January:
1097
Normans led by Bohemond I destroy a village on the way to Constantinople because it is inhabited by heretic Paulicians.
1224
Amaury de Montfort, leader of the Crusade against the Cathars, flees Carcassonne. The son of Raymond-Roger de Trencaval returns from exile and reclaims the area.
1228
Guy de Montfort, brother of Simon de Montfort and uncle to Amaury, is killed during the siege of Vareilles. Simon de Montfort was the leader of the Crusade against the Cathars in southern France.
1243
Raymond VII, a French noble accused of supporting Catharism, formally submits to king Louis IX who pardons him.
1256
Hulagu, son of the Great Khan, wipes out the Assassins of Persia.
1570
Don Juan of Austria attacks the town of Galera. He had been instructed to kill every person inside, but he refused and let several hundred women and children go.
1871
Friedrich Nietzsche applied for the position of chair of philosophy at the University of Basel, Switzerland.
1880
Friedrich Nietzsche began work on his book The Dawn, dictating it to Peter Gast through November of the same year.
1883
Book 1 of Friedrich Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra was written.
1884
Book 2 of Friedrich Nietzsche's The Gay Science was completed. Nietzsche also experienced a breach with his sister Elisabeth at this time.
1889
Friedrich Nietzsche collapsed in the street in Turin. His friend, Overbeck, came to Turin to escort Nietzsche back to Basel, where he underwent treatment.
1899
In the apostolic letter Testem benevolentiae, Pope Leo XIII condemned the "heresy" of "Americanism," a doctrine which he regarded as an attempt by American Catholic clergy to reconcile Catholic teachings with modern thought and liberties.
1965
Generalissimo Franco held a personal interview with representatives of Spain's Jewish community seeking to get official recognition of their followers. This was the first time since the expulsion of Jews in 1492 that a Spanish head of state met with Jewish leaders.
1972
Gallup polls showed that 57 percent of people favored leaving decisions about abortion to a woman and her doctor. Even 54 percent of Roman Catholics agreed with this position.
1986
Jerry Falwell held a press conference in Washington, D.C., in order to announce that he was changing the name of the Moral Majority to the Liberty Foundation. This new title never caught on and was abandoned before long.
1986
Sikh extremists (All-India Sikh Students Federation) took control of the Golden Temple in Amristar, the holiest Sikh shrine. They proceeded to dismantle the Akal Takht, the holly seat of authority in the Temple, because they thought that moderate Sikhs had compromised too much in cooperating with the government and that the reconstruction of the Temple after the last takeover in 1984 had become sacrilegious. Government forces were not able to retake the Temple until April 30 when commandos stormed the compound.
1987
Televangelist Oral Roberts announced that God had informed him that he would be "called home" if he did not raise USD $8 million by March 31 of that year. This money was supposedly needed for missionary work in underdeveloped nations and the plea was evidently successful - a shortfall of over USD $1 million was made up for at the last minute by Jerry Collins, a Florida racetrack owner.
1988
Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits, the chief rabbi of Great Britain's Orthodox synagogues, became the first rabbi ever elevated to the House of Lords and the first Jew to be ennobled since the Middle Ages.
1988
Shortly before his death, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini wrote to his successor, Ali Khamenei, that the ruler of the Islamic republic held power comparable to that of the Prophet Muhammad. Because of this, it was permissible to take any measures deemed necessary to preserve the Islamic state - even measures which violate Islamic law. Thus, the leader of the Islamic state should be considered above the law when acting in defense of the state.
1990
In New York, Auxiliary Bishop Austin Vaughn declared that New York Governor Mario Cuomo, a Catholic, was in "serious risk of going to hell" because he believed that abortion was a matter of individual women's conscience.
1993
In the wake of Bill Clinton's election as president, Jerry Falwell mailed out fund-raising letters asking people to vote on whether he should reactivate the Moral Majority. Later he would refuse to reveal just how much money he raised, simply telling reporters he has no intention of reactivating his old organization.
1996
The American Baptist Church of the West expelled four San Francisco Bay congregations for welcoming homosexuals and not teaching that homosexual activity is a sin.
1997
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rules that the government can not record a sacramental confession between a prisoner and a priest.
1999
Jerry Falwell announced at a pastors' conference in that the Antichrist is alive today and "of course he'll be Jewish."
1999
During Pope John Paul II's visit to St. Louis, Missouri, Rabbi Robert P. Jacobs becomes the first rabbi to ever read scripture during a papal liturgy.
1999
Thousands of Christians and Muslims march in New Dehli to protest what they say is the government's failure to protect religious minorities from Hindu fundamentalists.
1999
More than 60 United Methodist ministers bless a same-sex union between two women in Sacramento, California, defying a church law against such ceremonies.
1999
The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) votes to permit ceremonies for same-sex unions so long as they are not labeled marriages.
2003
A letter published by the Vatican's Congregation for Worship asserts: "The ordination to the priesthood of homosexual men, or men with homosexual tendencies, is absolutely inadvisable and imprudent, and from a pastoral point of view, very risky"
Do you have any suggestions for additions to this date? If so, you are encouraged to write and say so - the more information that can be added, the more complete and informative the calendar will be.
