Philosophy Chronology
Timeline of Events 1800 - 1899
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There are four different types of color-coded dates in these timelines of philosophy:
- European Philosophy
- American Philosophy
- Asian and Islamic Philosophy
- Miscellaneous Events in Philosophy
Words in red are linked to the glossary - so clicking on them will take you to much more information than can be included in brief chronology like this.
| Modern Philosophy: 1800 - 1899 | |
| December 18, 1803 | German philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder died in Weimar, Germany. Herder was an important influence on the German literary movement known as Sturm und Drang and on the general school of thought known as Romanticism. |
| February 12, 1804 | German philosopher Immanuel Kant died in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad in Russia). According to reports, his last words were "Es ist gut" (It is good). |
| July 28, 1804 | German philosopher Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach was born. |
| May 20, 1806 | John Stuart Mill was born. |
| June 08, 1809 | Political essayist Thomas Paine died at the age of 72. |
| May 05, 1813 | Søren Kierkegaard, existentialist philosopher, was born. |
| January 29, 1814 | German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte died at the age of 51. |
| May 05, 1818 | Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany. |
| March 10, 1819 | German philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi died in Munich. |
| April 27, 1820 | Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, England. |
| November 28, 1820 | German social and political philosopher Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Germany. |
| January 08, 1823 | Alfred Russel Wallace was born. |
| February 28, 1823 | French philosopher and historian of religion Ernest Renan was born. |
| August 26, 1824 | When he was just five years old, Karl Marx's family converted from Judaism and Protestantism and Karl was baptized. |
| November 14, 1831 | German philosopher Friedrich Hegel died in Berlin during a cholera epidemic. |
| June 06, 1832 | English philosopher Jeremy Bentham died. Bentham was a social and political philosopher who proposed radical ideas about government, social organizations and human nature. He argued that the creation of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people should be the basis for both personal ethics and state acts - as an ethical philosophy, this would come to be known as Utilitarianism. |
| February 12, 1834 | Friedrich Schleiermacher died in Berlin, Germany. |
| February 16, 1834 | Ernst Haeckel was born in Potsdam, Germany. Haeckel was an influential zoologist whose work on evolution served to inspire some of the racist theories of the Nazis. |
| August 04, 1834 | John Venn was born. |
| October 15, 1835 | Karl Marx enrolled as a student at the University of Bonn. |
| April 07, 1836 | English political philosopher William Godwin died. |
| September 10, 1839 | Charles S. Peirce, founder of the American school of philosophy known as Pragmatism, was born. |
| February 25, 1840 | German philosopher Otto Liebmann was born in Löwenberg, Silesia. |
| April 15, 1841 | Karl Marx received his doctorate from the University of Jena. |
| August 14, 1841 | Johann Friedrich Herbart, one of the founders of modern pedagogy, died in Goettingen, Germany. |
| January 11, 1842 | American psychologist and philosopher William James was born. |
| October 15, 1842 | Karl Marx became editor-in-chief of Rheinische Zeitung. |
| June 19, 1843 | Karl Marx married Jenny von Westphalen. |
| October 15, 1844 | Friedrich Nietzsche was born. |
| January 30, 1846 | English idealist Francis Herbert Bradley was born in Clapham, near London. |
| July 10, 1846 | Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche was born in Röcken, Germany. The sister of Friedrich Nietzsche, by retaining exclusive control over his writings after his death she was able to rewrite and distort much of his philosophy - particularly along her own antisemitic lines. |
| August 13, 1851 | Felix Adler was born in Alzey, Germany. Adler founded the Society for Ethical Culture in New York City in 1876. |
| August 23, 1852 | Arnold Toynbee was born. Toynbee was a British historian whose writings and ideas have had considerable influence on modern attitudes towards not only history, but also religion and international relations. |
| January 01, 1854 | Sir James Frazer, the noted British anthropologist and author, was born. |
| April 29, 1854 | Jules Henri Poincare, French mathematician and philosopher, was born. |
| August 20, 1854 | German philosopher Friedrich Schelling died in Bad Ragaz, Switzerland. |
| November 11, 1855 | Søren Kierkegaard, existentialist philosopher,was born. |
| November 20, 1855 | Josiah Royce was born. |
| September 05, 1857 | Philosopher Auguste Comte died. |
| November 26, 1857 | Ferdinand de Saussure was born. |
| April 08, 1859 | German philosopher Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was born in Prossnitz, Moravia. |
| October 18, 1859 | Henri Bergson was born. |
| October 20, 1859 | American philosopher and educator John Dewey was born. |
| September 21, 1860 | German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer died in Frankfurt am Main. |
| February 27, 1863 | George Herbert Mead was born in South Hadley, Massachusetts. |
| December 16, 1863 | Spanish philosopher and humanist George Santayana was born. |
| September 29, 1864 | Philosopher Miguel de Unamuno was born. |
| February 17, 1865 | Historian of religion, theologian, and philosopher Ernst Troeltsch was born in Haunstetten, Germany. |
| October 01, 1867 | Karl Marx published his famous work, Das Kapital. |
| February 13, 1869 | Friedrich Nietzsche was appointed professor of philology at the University of Basel, Switzerland. |
| March 23, 1869 | Friedrich Nietzsche received his doctorate from the University of Leipzig. |
| September 25, 1869 | Rudolph Otto was born. |
| April 09, 1870 | Friedrich Nietzsche was promoted to the position of "ordinarius" at the University of Basel. |
| May 18, 1872 | British philosopher Bertrand Russell was born in Ravenscroft, Wales. |
| September 13, 1872 | German philosopher Ludwig A. Feuerbach died at the age of 68. |
| May 08, 1873 | John Stuart Mill died. |
| November 04, 1873 | British philosopher G.E. Moore was born. |
| July 10, 1874 | The University of Basel considered and rejected a proposal to admit women to doctoral programs. One of the few professors to argue and vote in favor of it was Friedrich Nietzsche. |
| August 22, 1874 | German philosopher Max Scheler was born in Munich, Germany. |
| January 14, 1875 | Albert Schweitzer was born in Kayersberg, Elsass, Germany (now France). |
| March 06, 1876 | Charles S. Peirce recorded his first set of color vision observations which would later be reported in the April 1877 issue of the American Journal of Science. |
| April 11, 1876 | Friedrich Nietzsche proposed marriage to Mathilde Trampedach. She refused because she was in love with her piano teacher. |
| May 26, 1876 | Due to ill health, Friedrich Nietzsche was granted a year leave from the University of Basel. |
| April 18, 1877 | Charles S. Peirce was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the first time a psychologist was honored in this manner. |
| February 08, 1878 | Martin Buber was born. Buber was a Jewish philosopher and theologian who became most noted for his work on the nature of relationships. |
| May 02, 1879 | Friedrich Nietzsche officially resigned from the University of Basel. |
| May 02, 1879 | German philosopher Friedrich Nietsche officially resigned his position at the University of Basel due to poor health. Nietzsche had already been absent for quite some time and his resignation came as something of a relief to university officials. |
| May 29, 1880 | Oswald Spengler, German philosopher and historian, was born in Blankenburg, Germany. |
| May 01, 1881 | Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, French philosopher and paleontologist, was born. |
| July 08, 1881 | Friedrich Nietzsche's Morgenröthe was published. |
| August 07, 1882 | American philosopher George Plimpton Adams was born in Northboro, Massachusetts. |
| February 23, 1883 | Existentialist philosopher Karl Jaspers was born in Oldenburg, Germany. |
| March 14, 1883 | Karl Marx died. |
| May 06, 1883 | Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset was born in Madrid, Spain. |
| June 05, 1883 | Economist John Maynard Keynes was born. |
| November 08, 1884 | Hermann Rorschach was born. |
| May 22, 1885 | Friedrich Nietzsche's sister, Elisabeth, married Bernhard Förster, a professional antisemite. |
| July 08, 1885 | Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch was born in Ludwigshafen, Germany. In his work, Bloch emphasized the role of hope as an important human drive. |
| October 07, 1885 | Physicist Niels Bohr was born. |
| March 18, 1886 | Jewish historian Leopold Zunz died. |
| August 20, 1886 | Protestant theologian Paul Tillich was born in Starzeddel, Germany. |
| November 10, 1887 | Friedrich Nietzsche published his book "Genealogie der Moral." |
| April 26, 1889 | German philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein was born in Vienna, Austria. |
| September 26, 1889 | German philosopher Martin Heidegger was born. |
| June 02, 1890 | Bernhard Förster committed suicide. Förster was a professional antisemite and the husband of Friedrich Nietzsche's sister. |
| October 03, 1890 | Volume Two of William James's famous Principles of Psychology was published. |
| May 18, 1891 | German philosopher and mathematician Rudolf Carnap was born in Ronsdorf, Germany. |
| December 14, 1891 | William James published his book Psychology: Briefer Course. This was used as a basic university text for decades and is still on many reading lists of classic books. |
| July 15, 1892 | Walter Benjamin, literary critic and writer, was born. |
| February 14, 1895 | Max Horkheimer was born. |
| August 05, 1895 | Friedrich Engels died in London. Along with Karl Marx, Engels was instrumental in the development of socialist and communist political and economic philosophy. |
| August 01, 1896 | Elisabeth Nietzsche moved the archive of Friedrich Nietzsche's writings from Naumburg to Weimar. |
| May 08, 1899 | Economist and political philosopher Freidrich A. von Hayek was born in Vienna, Austria. |
Continue with Contemporary Philosophy: 1900 - 2003 or go back to the Enlightenment: 1700 - 1799
